chapter 7
This excerpt focuses on leisure activities in Arabic-speaking cultures, exploring various ways people spend their free time, whether in the city (madiina), at the beach (shaaTi’), or participating in sports (riyaaDa). It details activities like visiting museums (matHaf), attending movies (shariiT siinimaa’ii), and touring religious sites (masjid) like the Hajj pilgrimage. The text also provides relevant vocabulary and phrases for these pastimes, including conjugations for the verbs "to go" (dhahaba) and "to play" (la’aba). Finally, it touches upon the significance of music (moosiiqaa), particularly the traditional ‘uud, and other popular hobbies (hiwaaya).
Visiting Museums
A visit or ziyaara [زيارة] (zee-yah-rah) to a museum, or matHaf [متحف] (mat-haf), can be a wonderful experience provided certain rules, or qawaa’id [قواعد] (qah-wah-eed), are followed. These rules are in place to ensure that your experience and the experiences of others at the museum are pleasant, or jamiila [جميلة] (jah-mee-lah). The sources also note that Arab scholars played a crucial role in preserving the works of ancient Greek masters like Aristotle and Plato by translating them into Arabic during Europe's Dark Ages, contributing significantly to the pool of knowledge that forms the basis of Western thought and civilization.
When visiting a museum, you might use or see the following phrases:
hayyaa binaa ‘ilaa al-matHaf al-yawm [هيا بنا إلى المتحف اليوم]. (hah-yah bee-nah ee-lah al-mat-haf al-yah-oum.) Let’s go to the museum today.
‘ayna al-matHaf? [أين المتحف؟] (eh-yeh-nah al-mat-haf?) Where is the museum located?
wa bikam biTaaqat ad-dukhuul? [وبكم بطاقة الدخول؟] (wah bee-kam bee-tah-kat ah-doo-kool?) And how much is the entry ticket?
mataa yaftaHu al-matHaf? [متى يفتح المتحف؟] (mah-tah yaf-tah-hoo al-mat-haf?) When does the museum open?
al-matHaf yaftaHu ma’a as-saa’a ath-thaamina fii aS-SabaaH [المتحف يفتح مع الساعة الثامنة في الصباح]. (al-mat-haf yaf-tah-hoo mah-ah ah-sah-ah ah-thah-mee-nah fee ah-sah-bah.) The museum opens at 8:00 in the morning.
Important rules you may encounter include:
Suwar mamnuu’a [صور ممنوعة]. (soo-war mam-noo-ah) Taking pictures is prohibited.
malaabis munaasiba Daruuriya [ملابس مناسبة ضرورية] (mah-lah-bees moo-naa-see-bah dah-roo-ree-yah) Proper attire required.
Some related words to know are:
Ziyaaratukum [زيارتكم] (zee-yah-rah-too-koom) your visit (MP)
tamtii’ [تمتيع] (tam-teeh) entertainment
mutamatti’a [متمتعة] (moo-tah-mah-tee-ah) entertaining
jiddan [جداً] (jee-dan) very
ra’aa [رأى] (rah-ah) saw
fann [فن] (fah-n) art
taSwiir [تصوير] (tah-sweer) painting
rasm [رسم] (rah-sem) drawing/carving
zaliij [زليج] (zah-leej) marble
jamiil [جميل] (jah-meel) pretty/beautiful
jawla [جولة] (jah-ou-lah) tour
khalfa [خلف] (kal-fah) around
dukhuul [دخول] (doo-kool) entrance
khuruuj [خروج] (koo-rooj) exit
fataHa [فتح] (fah-tah-hah) to open
yaftaHu [يفتح] (yaf-tah-hoo) will open
Going to the Movies
Going to see a movie, or shariiT siinimaa’ii [شريط سينمائي] (sha-reet see-nee-mah-ee), in a movie theater, or maSraH siiniima’ii [مسرح سينمائي] (mas-rah see-nee-mah-ee), is a very popular pastime in the Middle East. Most movies shown are original American films with subtitles, or tarjamat al-Hiiwaar [ترجمة الحوار] (tar-jah-mat al-hee-war).
Popular movie genres mentioned include:
mughaamara [مغامرة] (moo-ghah-mah-rah) action/adventure
maSraHiyya [مسرحية] (mas-rah-hee-yah) comedy
draamii [درامي] (drah-mee) drama
ru’aat al-baqar [رعاة البقر] (roo-aht al-bah-kar) western
wathaa’iqii [وثائقي] (wah-tha-ee-kee) documentary
rusuum al-mutaHarrika [رسوم المتحركة] (roo-soom al-moo-tah-hah-ree-kah) cartoon
The verb most commonly associated with going to the movies is to go, or dhahaba [ذهب] (za-hah-bah).
Here are example sentences using this verb:
dhabtu ‘ilaa al-maSraH as-siiniima’ii [ذهبت إلى المسرح السينمائي]. (za-hab-too ee-lah al-mas-rah ah-see-nee-mah-ee.) I went to the movie theater.
yadhhabu ‘ilaa al-maSraH as-siiniima’ii [يذهب إلى المسرح السينمائي]. (yaz-hah-boo ee-lah al-mas-rah ah-see-nee-mah-ee.) He is going to the movies.
‘anaa ‘uriidu ‘an ‘adhhab ‘ilaa al-maSraH as-siiniima’ii [أنا أريد أن أذهب إلى المسرح السينمائي]. (ah-nah oo-ree-doo ann az-hab ee-lah al-mas-rah ah-see-nee-mah-ee.) I would like to go to the movie theater.
The sources provide conjugation tables for the verb dhahaba [ذهب] in the past tense and present tense:
Past Tense (Table 7-1):
‘anaa dhahabtu [أنا ذهبت] (ah-nah za-hab-too) I went
‘anta dhahabta [أنتَ ذهبتَ] (ahn-tah za-hab-tah) You went (MS)
‘anti dhahabtii [أنتِ ذهبتِ] (ahn-tee za-hab-tee) You went (FS)
huwa dhaaba [هو ذهب] (hoo-wah za-hah-bah) He went
hiya dhahabat [هي ذهبت] (hee-yah za-hah-bat) She went
naHnu dhahabnaa [نحن ذهبنا] (nah-noo za-hab-naa) We went
‘antum dhahabtum [أنتم ذهبتم] (ahn-toom za-hab-toom) You went (MP)
‘antunna dhahabtunna [أنتنَّ ذهبتنَّ] (ahn-too-nah za-hab-too-nah) You went (FP)
hum dhahabuu [هم ذهبوا] (hoom za-hah-boo) They went (MP)
hunna dhahabna [هنَّ ذهبن] (hoo-nah za-hah-nah) They went (FP)
antumaa dhahabtumaa [أنتما ذهبتما] (ahn-too-mah za-hab-too-mah) You went (dual/MP/FP)
humaa dhahabaa [هما ذهبا] (hoo-mah za-hah-bah) They went (dual/MP)
humaa dhahabataa [هما ذهبتا] (hoo-mah za-hah-bah-tah) They went (dual/FP)
Present Tense (Table 7-2):
‘anaa ‘adhhabu [أنا أذهب] (ah-nah az-hah-boo) I am going
‘anta tadhhabu [أنتَ تذهب] (ahn-tah taz-hah-boo) You are going (MS)
‘anti tadhhabiina [أنتِ تذهبين] (ahn-tee taz-hah-bee-nah) You are going (FS)
huwa yadhhabu [هو يذهب] (hoo-wah yaz-hah-boo) He is going
hiya tadhhabu [هي تذهب] (hee-yah taz-hah-boo) She is going
naHnu nadhhabu [نحن نذهب] (nah-noo naz-hah-boo) We are going
‘antum tadhhabuuna [أنتم تذهبون] (ahn-toom taz-hah-boo-nah) You are going (MP)
‘antunna tadhhabna [أنتنَّ تذهبن] (ahn-too-nah taz-hab-nah) You are going (FP)
hum yadhhabuuna [هم يذهبون] (hoom yaz-hah-boo-nah) They are going (MP)
hunna yadhhabna [هنَّ يذهبن] (hoo-nah yaz-hab-nah) They are going (FP)
antumaa tadhhabaani [أنتما تذهبان] (ahn-too-mah taz-hah-bah-nee) You are going (dual/MP/FP)
humaa yadhhabaani [هما يذهبان] (hoo-mah yaz-hah-bah-nee) They are going (dual/MP)
humaa tadhhabaani [هما تذهبان] (hoo-mah taz-hah-bah-nee) They are going (dual/FP)
Other helpful movie-related words include:
mumathil [ممثل] (moo-mah-theel) actor (MS)
mumathila [ممثلة] (moo-mah-thee-lah) actress (FS)
mudiir [مدير] (moo-deer) director
mushaahid [مشاهد] (moo-sha-heed) spectator (MS)
mushaahida [مشاهدة] (moo-sha-hee-dah) spectator (FS)
Movie-related phrases are:
mataa sayabda’u ash-shariiT? [متى سيبدأ الشريط؟] (mah-tah sah-yab-dah-oo ah-sha-reet?) When does the movie begin?
‘ay shariiT sayal’abu fii al-maSraH al-yawm? [أي شريط سيلعب في المسرح اليوم؟] (aiy sha-reet sah-yal-ah-boo fee al-mas-rah al-yah-oum?) Which movie is going to be playing today?
Touring Religious Sites
Visiting a mosque, or masjid [مسجد] (mas-jeed), is recommended in Middle Eastern or Arab cities. Larger mosques, or masaajid [مساجد] (mah-sah-jeed), are located in Mecca, Medina, and Casablanca. The word masjid [مسجد] comes from the verb sajada [سجد] (sah-jah-dah), meaning “to prostrate” or “to kneel”. Another word for mosque is jaami’ [جامع] (jah-meeh), derived from jama’a [جمع] (jah-mah-ah), meaning “to gather”. Both terms relate to gathering in a religious setting to pray.
There are rules, or qawaa’id [قواعد], to follow when visiting mosques. Muslims are allowed to enter any mosque after removing their shoes, or Hidaa’ [حذاء] (hee-dah), and saying the religious prayer, or shahada [شهادة] (shah-hah-dah): laa ‘ilaaha ‘illaa allah wa muHammad rasuul allah [لا إله إلا الله ومحمد رسول الله] (lah ee-lah-hah ee-lah ah-lah wah moo-hah-mad rah-sool ah-lah), which means There is no god but God and Muhammad is his Prophet. For non-Muslims, entry is sometimes forbidden, though certain mosques like the Hassan II in Casablanca have designated areas open to both Muslims and non-Muslims, typically for exhibition purposes rather than prayer, where shoes must still be removed. Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering Mecca by Saudi Arabian law.
One of the five pillars of Islam is the Hajj [حج] (haj), the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, lasting about five days. Upon arrival, pilgrims, or Hajjaaj [حجاج] (hah-jaj), shed their worldly clothing and possessions and wear only sandals and a simple white cloth called ihram [إحرام] (eeh-ram). This signifies equality before God, as there is no distinction between rich and poor during the Hajj [حج]. After donning the ihram [إحرام], pilgrims perform the Tawaf [طواف] (tah-waf; to turn), circling the ka’ba [كعبة] (kah-bah) structure in the masjid al-Haraam [مسجد الحرام] (mas-jeed al-hah-ram; The Sacred Mosque of Mecca) seven times counter-clockwise. The ka’ba [كعبة] is said to have been built by Prophet Abraham for worship. Following the Tawaf [طواف], pilgrims visit the hills of Safa and Marwah, then the hill of Arafat, the city of Mina, and finally return to the ka’ba [كعبة] for a concluding Tawaf [طواف]. A man who has completed the Hajj [حج] is called al-Hajj [الحج] (al-haj), and a woman is called al-Hajja [الحجة] (al-hah-jah).
Sporting an Athletic Side
Playing sports, or riyaaDa [رياضة] (ree-yah-dah), is a popular leisure activity. This can include individual sports like golf, or al-ghuulf [الغولف] (al-ghoo-lef), or team sports like soccer, or kurat al-qadam [كرة القدم] (koo-rat al-qah-dam). Kurat al-qadam [كرة القدم] is particularly popular among Arabic speakers as it is a spectator sport, or riyaaDa mushaahada [رياضة مشاهدة] (ree-yah-dah moo-sha-hah-dah).
In a typical game, or mubaara [مباراة] (moo-bah-rah), you might use the following words:
fariiq [فريق] (fah-reek) team
mal’ab [ملعب] (mah-lab) stadium
natiija [نتيجة] (nah-tee-jah) score
fawz [فوز] (fah-wez) win
khasar [خسار] (kah-sar) loss
khata’ [خطأ] (kah-tah) foul
Hakam [حكم] (hah-kam) referee
malaabis riyaaDiyya [ملابس رياضية] (mah-lah-bees ree-yah-dee-yah) uniforms
kura [كرة] (koo-rah) ball
laa’ib [لاعب] (lah-eeb) player (MS)
laa’iba [لاعبة] (lah-ee-bah) player (FS)
Other favorite sports include:
sibaaHa [سباحة] (see-bah-hah) swimming
furusiiyya [فروسية] (foo-roo-see-yah) horseback riding
kurat aT-Taa’ira [كرة الطائرة] (koo-rat ah-tah-ee-rah) volleyball
kurat as-salla [كرة السلة] (koo-rat ah-sah-lah) basketball
kurat al-miDrab [كرة المضرب] (koo-rat al-meed-rab) tennis
daraaja [دراجة] (dah-rah-jah) cycling
tazaHluq [تزحلق] (tah-zah-look) skiing
tazalluj [تزلج] (tah-zah-looj) ice skating
jumbaaz [جمباز] (joo-meh-baz) gymnastics
siibaaq as-sayaara [سباق السيارة] (see-bah-kah ah-sah-yah-rah) racecar driving
A common and important verb used with sports and other recreational activities is to play, or la’aba [لعب] (lah-ah-bah). You can use la’aba [لعب] (past tense) or yal’abu [يلعب] (present tense) followed by the sport.
Examples using the verb la'aba/yal'abu:
‘anaa ‘al’abu kurat as-salla [أنا ألعب كرة السلة]. (ah-nah al-ah-boo koo-rat ah-sah-lah.) I am playing basketball.
hiya la’abat kurat al-miDrab [هي لعبت كرة المضرب]. (hee-yah lah-ah-bat koo-rat al-meed-rab.) She played tennis.
The sources provide conjugation tables for the verb la’aba [لعب] in the past tense and present tense (yal’abu [يلعب] is listed as the main present tense form):
Past Tense (Table 7-3):
‘anaa la’abtu [أنا لعبت] (ah-nah lah-ahb-too) I played
‘anta la’abta [أنتَ لعبتَ] (ahn-tah lah-ahb-tah) You played (MS)
‘anti la’abti [أنتِ لعبتِ] (ahn-tee lah-ahb-tee) You played (FS)
Huwa la’aba [هو لعب] (hoo-wah lah-ah-bah) He played
Hiya la’abat [هي لعبت] (hee-yah lah-ah-bat) She played
naHnu la’abnaa [نحن لعبنا] (nah-noo lah-ahb-naa) We played
‘antum la’abtum [أنتم لعبتم] (ahn-toom lah-ahb-toom) You played (MP)
‘antunna la’abtunna [أنتنَّ لعبتنَّ] (ahn-too-nah lah-ahb-too-nah) You played (FP)
Hum la’abuu [هم لعبوا] (hoom lah-ah-boo) They played (MP)
Hunna la’abna [هنَّ لعبن] (hoo-nah lah-ahb-nah) They played (FP)
antumaa la’abtumaa [أنتما لعبتما] (ahn-too-mah lah-ahb-too-mah) You played (dual/MP/FP)
Humaa la’abaa [هما لعبا] (hoo-mah lah-ah-bah) They played (dual/MP)
Humaa la’abataa [هما لعبتا] (hoo-mah lah-ah-bah-tah) They played (dual/FP)
Present Tense (Table 7-4):
‘anaa ‘al’abu [أنا ألعب] (ah-nah al-ah-boo) I am playing
‘anta tal’abu [أنتَ تلعب] (ahn-tah tal-ah-boo) You are playing (MS)
‘anti tal’abiina [أنتِ تلعبين] (ahn-tee tal-ah-bee-nah) You are playing (FS)
Huwa yal’abu [هو يلعب] (hoo-wah yal-ah-boo) He is playing
Hiya tal’abu [هي تلعب] (hee-yah tal-ah-boo) She is playing
naHnu nal’abu [نحن نلعب] (nah-noo nal-ah-boo) We are playing
‘antum tal’abuuna [أنتم تلعبون] (ahn-toom tal-ah-boo-nah) You are playing (MP)
‘antunna tal’abna [أنتنَّ تلعبن] (ahn-too-nah tal-ahb-nah) You are playing (FP)
hum yal’abuuna [هم يلعبون] (hoom yal-ah-boo-nah) They are playing (MP)
hunna yal’abna [هنَّ يلعبن] (hoo-nah yal-ahb-nah) They are playing (FP)
antumaa tal’abaani [أنتما تلعبان] (ahn-too-mah tal-ah-bah-nee) You are playing (dual/MP/FP)
Humaa yal’abaani [هما يلعبان] (hoo-mah yal-ah-bah-nee) They are playing (dual/MP)
Humaa tal’abaani [هما تلعبان] (hoo-mah tal-ah-bah-nee) They are playing (dual/FP)
Another important phrase is Let’s go, or hayyaa binaa [هيا بنا] (hah-yah bee-nah), which is often followed by the activity or location. For example:
hayyaa binaa ‘ilaa mal’ab kurat al-qadam [هيا بنا إلى ملعب كرة القدم]. (hah-yah bee-nah ee-lah mal-ahb koo-rat al-qah-dam.) Let’s go to the soccer field.
A sample conversation about playing soccer is also provided:
Karim: hayyaa nal’ab kurat al-qadam ghadan [هيا نلعب كرة القدم غداً]. (hah-yah nah-lab koo-rat al-qah-dam ghah-dan.) Let’s go play soccer tomorrow.
Kamal: haadhihi fikra mumtaaza [هذه فكرة ممتازة]. (hah-zee-hee feek-rah moom-tah-zah.) That’s an excellent idea.
Karim: ‘ayy saa’a? [أي ساعة؟] (ay sah-ah?) At what time?
Kamal: hal as-saa’a al-khaamisa tuwaafiquka? [هل الساعة الخامسة توافقك؟] (hal ah-sah-ah al-kah-mee-sah too-wah-fee-koo-kah?) Does 5:00 work for you?
Karim: na’am. as-saa’a al-khaamisa muwaafiqa. ‘ayna sa-nal’ab? [نعم. الساعة الخامسة موافقة. أين سنلعب؟] (nah-am. ah-sah-ah al-kah-mee-sah moo-wah-fee-qah. eh-yeh-nah sa-nah-lab?) Yes. 5:00 works for me. Where are we going to play?
Kamal: fii mal’ab al-madrasa [في ملعب المدرسة]. (fee mah-lab al-mad-rah-sah.) In the school stadium.
Karim: mumtaaz! hal ‘indaka kura? [ممتاز! هل عندك كرة؟] (moom-tahz! hal een-dah-kah koo-rah?) Excellent! Do you have a ball?
Kamal: na’am ‘indii kura. wa laakin laysa ‘indii malaabis riyaaDiyya [نعم عندي كرة. ولكن ليس عندي ملابس رياضية]. (nah-am een-dee koo-rah. wah lah-keen lah-yeh-sah een-dee mah-lah-bees ree-yah-dee-yah.) Yes, I have a ball. But I don’t have any uniforms.
Karim: laa sha’na lanaa bidhaalika. lam naHtaaj bi al-malaabis riyaaDiyya [لا شأن لنا بذلك. لم نحتاج بالملابس الرياضية]. (lah sha-nah lah-nah bee-zah-lee-kah. lam nah-taj bee al-mah-lah-bees ree-yah-dee-yah.) That’s not a big deal. We really don’t need uniforms.
Going to the Beach
Going to the beach, or shaaTi’ [شاطئ] (shah-teeh), with your friends, or ‘aSdiqaa’ [أصدقاء] (ass-dee-qah), or your family, or ‘usra [أسرة] (oos-rah), is a great way to have fun.
Useful words for the beach include:
malaabis as-sibaaHa [ملابس السباحة] (mah-lah-bees ah-see-bah-hah) bathing suit
dihaan shamsii [دهان شمسي] (dee-han shah-meh-see) sunscreen
shams [شمس] (shah-mes) sun
saHaab [سحاب] (sah-hab) cloud
muHiiT [محيط] (moo-heet) ocean
miDalla [مظلة] (mee-dah-lah) beach umbrella
ramla [رملة] (rah-meh-lah) sand
mooja [موجة] (moo-jah) wave
An example phrase for the beach is:
hayyaa binaa ‘ilaa ash-shaaTi’! [هيا بنا إلى الشاطئ!] (hah-yah bee-nah ee-lah ah-shah-teeh!) Let’s go to the beach!
Playing Musical Instruments
Music, or moosiiqaa [موسيقى] (moo-see-qah), has the power to connect people regardless of background. Musical instruments, or aalaat moosiiqiyya [آلات موسيقية] (ah-lat moo-see-kee-yah), are popular.
Examples of popular instruments include:
biiyaano [بيانو] (bee-yah-noo) piano
qiithaar [قيثار] (kee-thar) guitar
kamanja [كمنجة] (kah-mah-neh-jah) violin
Tabl [طبل] (tah-bel) drums
fluut [فلوت] (feh-loot) flute
buuq [بوق] (book) trumpet
saaksuufuun [ساكسوفون] (sak-soo-foon) saxophone
To say someone plays an instrument, the present tense form of the verb "to play", yal’abu [يلعب], is used. For instance, yal’abu al-qiithaar [يلعب القيثار] means “He plays the guitar” or “He is playing the guitar”.
Middle Eastern music is characterized by the ‘uud [عود] (ood), a string instrument with 12 strings and a round hollow body, often accompanied by percussion instruments like the drum and the Tabla [طبلة] (tah-beh-lah).
Popular Hobbies
Besides sports (riyaaDa [رياضة]) and music (moosiiqaa [موسيقى]), other hobbies, or hiwaaya [هواية] (hee-wah-yah), are discussed.
Examples of hobbies include:
qiraa’a [قراءة] (kee-rah-ah) reading
rasm [رسم] (rah-sem) drawing
fakhaar [فخار] (fah-kar) pottery
Other popular hobbies mentioned are:
waraq al-la’ib [ورق اللعب] (wah-rak ah-lah-eeb) cards
raqS [رقص] (rah-kes) dancing
shaTranj [شطرنج] (sha-teh-rah-nej) chess
Hiyaaka [حياكة] (hee-yah-kah) knitting
shi’r [شعر] (shee-ar) poetry
The verb la’aba [لعب] is often used to discuss hobbies and personal activities.
Example sentences using la’aba with hobbies/activities are:
la’abtu kurat al-qadam [لعبت كرة القدم]. (lah-ab-too koo-rat al-qah-dam.) I played soccer.
la’aba al-kamanja [لعب الكمنجة]. (lah-ah-bah al-kah-mah-neh-jah.) He played the violin.
la’abat shaTranj [لعبت شطرنج]. (lah-ah-bat sha-teh-rah-nej.) She played chess.
la’abnaa kurat as-salla [لعبنا كرة السلة]. (lah-ab-nah koo-rat ah-sah-lah.) We played basketball.
la’abaa waraq al-la’ib [لعبا ورق اللعب]. (lah-ah-bah wah-rak ah-lah-eeb.) They played cards. (dual/MP/FP)
| **English** | **Standard Arabic** | **Transliteration** |
|-----------------------|----------------------|------------------------------|
| 1. **Giraffe** | زرافة | *Zarāfa* |
| 2. **Dolphin** | دلفين | *Dulfīn* |
| 3. **Volcano** | بركان | *Burkān* |
| 4. **Island** | جزيرة | *Jazīra* |
| 5. **Rainbow** | قوس قزح | *Qaws quzaḥ* |
| 6. **Snow** | ثلج | *Thalj* |
| 7. **Fire** | نار | *Nār* |
| 8. **Stone** | حجر | *Ḥajar* |
| 9. **Diamond** | ماسة | *Māssa* |
| 10. **Gold** | ذهب | *Dhahab* |
| 11. **Silver** | فضة | *Fiḍḍa* |
| 12. **Clock** | ساعة | *Sāʿa* |
| 13. **Map** | خريطة | *Kharīṭa* |
| 14. **Passport** | جواز سفر | *Jawāz safar* |
| 15. **Luggage** | أمتعة | *Amtiʿa* |
| 16. **Umbrella** | مظلة | *Miẓalla* |
| 17. **Newspaper** | جريدة | *Jarīda* |
| 18. **Magazine** | مجلة | *Majalla* |
| 19. **Dictionary** | قاموس | *Qāmūs* |
| 20. **Patience** | صبر | *Ṣabr* |
| 21. **Courage** | شجاعة | *Shajāʿa* |
| 22. **Fear** | خوف | *Khawf* |
| 23. **Surprise** | مفاجأة | *Mufājaʾa* |
| 24. **Dentist** | طبيب أسنان | *Ṭabīb asnān* |
| 25. **Nurse** | ممرض | *Mumarriḍ* |
| 26. **Farmer** | مزارع | *Muzāriʿ* |
| 27. **Oven** | فرن | *Furn* |
| 28. **Refrigerator** | ثلاجة | *Thallāja* |
| 29. **Laptop** | حاسوب محمول | *Ḥāsūb maḥmūl* |
| 30. **Printer** | طابعة | *Ṭābiʿa* |
* English: I usually wake up early in the morning.
Arabic: عادةً أستيقظ باكراً في الصباح.
Transliteration: 'Adatan astayqithu bakiran fi as-sabah.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): 'Adatan [usually] astayqithu [I wake up] bakiran [early (adverb accusative)] fi [in] as-sabah [the morning].
* English: She often goes for a walk in the park.
Arabic: غالباً ما تذهب للتمشية في الحديقة.
Transliteration: Ghaliban ma tadhhabu lit-tamshiyati fi al-hadeeqa.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Ghaliban [often] ma [what/that (negating)] tadhhabu [she goes] lit-tamshiyati [for the walking/a walk (genitive)] fi [in] al-hadeeqa [the garden/park].
* English: He sometimes reads a book before bed.
Arabic: أحياناً يقرأ كتاباً قبل النوم.
Transliteration: Ahyanan yaqra'u kitaban qabla an-nawm.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Ahyanan [sometimes] yaqra'u [he reads] kitaban [a book (masculine accusative)] qabla [before] an-nawm [the sleeping/sleep].
* English: We rarely watch television during the day.
Arabic: نادراً ما نشاهد التلفزيون خلال النهار.
Transliteration: Nadiran ma nushahidu at-tilifizyuna khilala an-nahar.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Nadiran [rarely] ma [what/that (negating)] nushahidu [we watch] at-tilifizyuna [the television (accusative)] khilala [during] an-nahar [the day].
* English: They always have coffee in the afternoon.
Arabic: دائماً يشربون القهوة بعد الظهر.
Transliteration: Da'iman yashrabuna al-qahwata ba'da adh-dhuhr.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Da'iman [always] yashrabuna [they (masculine plural) drink] al-qahwata [the coffee (accusative)] ba'da [after] adh-dhuhr [the noon/afternoon].
* English: The weather might be rainy tomorrow.
Arabic: قد يكون الطقس ماطراً غداً.
Transliteration: Qad yakunu at-taqsu matiran ghadan.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Qad [might/perhaps] yakunu [will be] at-taqsu [the weather (nominative)] matiran [rainy (masculine accusative)] ghadan [tomorrow].
* English: She might go shopping later.
Arabic: قد تذهب للتسوق لاحقاً.
Transliteration: Qad tadhhabu lit-tasawwuqi lahiqan.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Qad [might/perhaps] tadhhabu [she goes] lit-tasawwuqi [for the shopping (genitive)] lahiqan [later].
* English: He might visit his friends on the weekend.
Arabic: قد يزور أصدقاءه في نهاية الأسبوع.
Transliteration: Qad yazuru asdiqa'ahu fi nihayati al-usbu'.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Qad [might/perhaps] yazuru [he visits] asdiqa'ahu [his friends (accusative)] fi [in] nihayati [the end of] al-usbu' [the week].
* English: We might stay home tonight.
Arabic: قد نبقى في المنزل الليلة.
Transliteration: Qad nabqa fi al-manzili al-layla.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Qad [might/perhaps] nabqa [we stay] fi [in] al-manzili [the house (genitive)] al-layla [the night/tonight].
* English: They might travel abroad next year.
Arabic: قد يسافرون إلى الخارج العام القادم.
Transliteration: Qad yusafiruna ila al-khariji al-'ama al-qadim.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Qad [might/perhaps] yusafiruna [they (masculine plural) travel] ila [to] al-khariji [the outside/abroad (genitive)] al-'ama [the year (accusative)] al-qadim [the next (masculine)].
* English: I should study for my exam.
Arabic: يجب أن أدرس لامتحاني.
Transliteration: Yajibu an adrusa li-imtihani.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Yajibu [it is necessary] an [that/to] adrusa [I study] li-imtihani [for my exam].
* English: She should exercise more often.
Arabic: يجب أن تمارس الرياضة أكثر.
Transliteration: Yajibu an tumarisa ar-riyadata akthar.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Yajibu [it is necessary] an [that/to] tumarisa [she practices] ar-riyadata [the sport/exercise (accusative)] akthar [more].
* English: He should eat more vegetables.
Arabic: يجب أن يأكل المزيد من الخضروات.
Transliteration: Yajibu an ya'kula al-mazeeda min al-khudarawat.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Yajibu [it is necessary] an [that/to] ya'kula [he eats] al-mazeeda [the more/additional (accusative)] min [from] al-khudarawat [the vegetables (plural genitive)].
* English: We should get some rest.
Arabic: يجب أن نحصل على بعض الراحة.
Transliteration: Yajibu an nahsula 'ala ba'di ar-raha.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Yajibu [it is necessary] an [that/to] nahsula [we obtain/get] 'ala [on] ba'di [some (part of)] ar-raha [the rest (genitive)].
* English: They should arrive on time.
Arabic: يجب أن يصلوا في الوقت المحدد.
Transliteration: Yajibu an yasilu fi al-waqti al-muhaddad.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Yajibu [it is necessary] an [that/to] yasilu [they (masculine plural) arrive] fi [in] al-waqti [the time] al-muhaddad [the specified (masculine)].
* English: I used to live in a different city.
Arabic: اعتدت أن أسكن في مدينة مختلفة.
Transliteration: I'tadtu an askuna fi madinatin mukhtalifa.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): I'tadtu [I used to] an [that/to] askuna [I live] fi [in] madinatin [a city (feminine genitive)] mukhtalifa [different (feminine)].
* English: She used to play the piano when she was young.
Arabic: اعتادت أن تعزف على البيانو عندما كانت صغيرة.
Transliteration: I'tadat an ta'zifa 'ala al-biyanu 'indama kanat saghira.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): I'tadat [she used to] an [that/to] ta'zifa [she plays (instrument)] 'ala [on] al-biyanu [the piano] 'indama [when] kanat [she was] saghira [small (feminine)].
* English: He used to work in a bank.
Arabic: اعتاد أن يعمل في بنك.
Transliteration: I'tada an ya'mala fi bankin.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): I'tada [he used to] an [that/to] ya'mala [he works] fi [in] bankin [a bank (masculine genitive)].
* English: We used to go camping in the summer.
Arabic: اعتدنا أن نذهب للتخييم في الصيف.
Transliteration: I'tadna an nadhhaba lit-takhyeemi fi as-sayf.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): I'tadna [we used to] an [that/to] nadhhaba [we go] lit-takhyeemi [for the camping (genitive)] fi [in] as-sayf [the summer].
* English: They used to study together at university.
Arabic: اعتادوا أن يدرسوا معاً في الجامعة.
Transliteration: I'tadu an yadrusu ma'an fi al-jami'a.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): I'tadu [they used to] an [that/to] yadrusu [they (masculine plural) study] ma'an [together] fi [in] al-jami'a [the university].
* English: If I have time, I will visit you.
Arabic: إذا كان لدي وقت، سأزورك.
Transliteration: Idha kana ladayya waqtun, sa-azuruka.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Idha [if] kana [was] ladayya [at me/I have] waqtun [time (masculine nominative)], sa-azuruka [I will visit you (masculine)].
22. English: If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
Arabic: إذا درست بجد، ستجتاز الامتحان.
Transliteration: Idha darasat bi-jiddin, sa-tajtazu al-imtihana.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Idha [if] darasat [she studied] bi-jiddin [with effort/hard (genitive)], sa-tajtazu [she will pass] al-imtihana [the exam (accusative)].
* English: If he saves enough money, he will buy a car.
Arabic: إذا ادخر ما يكفي من المال، سيشتري سيارة.
Transliteration: Idha iddhakhara ma yakfi min al-mali, sa-yashtariya sayyara.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Idha [if] iddhakhara [he saved] ma [what] yakfi [suffices] min [from] al-mali [the money (genitive)], sa-yashtariya [he will buy] sayyara [a car (feminine accusative)].
* English: If we leave now, we will arrive on time.
Arabic: إذا غادرنا الآن، سنصل في الوقت المحدد.
Transliteration: Idha ghadarna al-aan, sa-nasilu fi al-waqti al-muhaddad.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Idha [if] ghadarna [we left] al-aan [now], sa-nasilu [we will arrive] fi [in] al-waqti [the time] al-muhaddad [the specified (masculine)].
* English: If they practice regularly, they will improve.
Arabic: إذا تدربوا بانتظام، سيتحسنون.
Transliteration: Idha tadarrabu bi-intidhamin, sa-yatahassanu.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Idha [if] tadarrabu [they (masculine plural) practiced] bi-intidhamin [with regularity (genitive)], sa-yatahassanu [they (masculine plural) will improve].
26. English: I am looking forward to seeing you again.
Arabic: أتطلع إلى رؤيتك مرة أخرى.
Transliteration: Atatalla'u ila ru'yatika marratan ukhra.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Atatalla'u [I look forward] ila [to] ru'yatika [your (masculine) seeing] marratan [a time/once (accusative)] ukhra [another (feminine)].
27. English: She is very kind and generous to everyone.
Arabic: هي لطيفة وكريمة جداً مع الجميع.
Transliteration: Hiya lateefa wa kareema jiddan ma'a al-jami'.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Hiya [she] lateefa [kind (feminine)] wa [and] kareema [generous (feminine)] jiddan [very] ma'a [with] al-jami' [the all/everyone].
28. English: He is very interested in learning about different cultures.
Arabic: هو مهتم جداً بتعلم ثقافات مختلفة.
Transliteration: Huwa muhtammun jiddan bi-ta'allumi thaqafatin mukhtalifa.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Huwa [he] muhtammun [interested (masculine nominative)] jiddan [very] bi-ta'allumi [in learning] thaqafatin [cultures (feminine plural genitive)] mukhtalifa [different (feminine plural)].
29. English: We are very happy to celebrate this special occasion with you.
Arabic: نحن سعداء جداً بالاحتفال بهذه المناسبة الخاصة معك.
Transliteration: Nahnu su'ada' jiddan bil-ihtifali bi-hathihi al-munasaba al-khassa ma'ak.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Nahnu [we] su'ada' [happy (plural)] jiddan [very] bil-ihtifali [with the celebrating] bi-hathihi [with this (feminine)] al-munasaba [the occasion (feminine)] al-khassa [the special (feminine)] ma'ak [with you (masculine)].
30. English: They are very dedicated to helping people in need.
Arabic: هم ملتزمون جداً بمساعدة المحتاجين.
Transliteration: Hum multazimuna jiddan bi-musa'adati al-muhtajeen.
Arabic Transliteration (with English word meaning): Hum [they (masculine plural)] multazimuna [committed/dedicated (plural)] jiddan [very] bi-musa'adati [with helping] al-muhtajeen [the needy (plural)].
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